4.5 Translate string (tr)

You can translate (replace) some part of data from the standard input with given string.

Format

tr string1 string2

Replace string 1 with string 2. The source data comes from the standard input.

They are replaced by each character. The following example, they are replaced such as a to A, b to B, and c to C.

Example

$cat FILE | tr abc ABC ↵

Practice: Translation the contents of file /etc/rc

$ cat -n /etc/rc | tr abc ABC | head 1 #! /Bin/BAsh 2 # 3 # rC       This file is responsiBle for stArting/stopping 4 #       serviCes when the runlevel ChAnges. 5 # 6 # OriginAl Author: 7 #       Miquel vAn SmoorenBurg, 8 # 9 10 set -m

I replaced A with A, B with B, and C with C, and outputted only the first 10 lines. The -n option of cat adds the line number to the beginning of the output.

Also, it is the effect of the head command that only 10 lines were output.